稻田土壤中盐酸吗啉胍液相色谱分析方法及消解动态研究

建立了稻田土壤中盐酸吗啉胍的高效液相色谱检测方法。采用丙酮-水-饱和氯化钠(60∶5∶5,体积比)混合溶液对稻田土壤中盐酸吗啉胍进行振荡提取,不需净化,杂质无干扰,该方法有机溶剂使用少、费用低。盐酸吗啉胍标准溶液在0.10~10.08 mg/L范围时,峰面积(y,m AU)与盐酸吗啉胍的浓度(x,mg/L)呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为:Y=160.83 X+2.516 4,相关系数R2=0.999 2。在稻田土壤样品中的平均加标回收率为84.7%~91.7%,RSD为4.0%~6.6%。盐酸吗啉胍在供试三地的稻田土壤中消解半衰期为8.07~13.62 d。     

新兽药盐酸沃尼妙林的合成

以精制的截短侧耳素为原料,经对甲苯磺酰氯磺化后,与二甲基半胱胺盐酸盐反应,制得截短侧耳素半胱胺取代物;另外由D-缬氨酸、乙酰乙酸甲酯和氢氧化钾反应制得（ R）-2-（1-甲氧羰基-2-烯丙基）氨基-3-甲基丁酸钾,经氯甲酸乙酯活化后与截短侧耳素半胱胺取代物反应,最后通过调节pH值,经反相萃取后,冻干得盐酸沃尼妙林,总收率为69％,所得产品按照EP6．0进行了质量检测,产品具有含量高、杂质少等优点。     

盐酸氟乙基硫胺素的药效学研究

采用人工感染艾美耳球虫模型来评价抗球虫药盐酸氟乙基硫胺素的治疗效果,以期为临床用药提供依据。试验选取鸡240只,随机分为8组,每组30只,其中2组分别为模型组（感染不给药组）和空白对照组,另外6组分别为氨丙啉组、尼卡巴嗪组、马杜拉霉素组及盐酸氟乙基硫胺素组（高、中、低三个剂量）,4种抗球虫药物进行治疗。除空白对照组外,其余各组动物接种球虫孢子化卵囊2.5×105个/只。连续给药5 d,在第7天将240只鸡全部扑杀剖检,根据存活率、相对增重率、卵囊值、病变值计算抗球虫指数（ACI）,进而判定药物的疗效。结果表明,125 mg/kg 氨丙啉组ACI为191.2、125 mg/kg 尼卡巴嗪组ACI为192.9、5 mg/kg马杜拉霉素组ACI为186.7,均大于180,为高效抗球虫药;125 mg/kg 盐酸氟乙基硫胺素组ACI为201.6,为高效抗球虫药。盐酸氟乙基硫胺素的抗球虫效果优于氨丙啉、马杜拉霉素及尼卡巴嗪。     

氨基葡萄糖硫酸钠盐的制备及其性质

以氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐为原料，通过甲醇钠方法制备氨基葡萄糖硫酸钠盐。氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐先与甲醇钠反应生成氨基葡萄糖碱，再与三氧化硫反应，得白色粉末状产品。经物理和化学分析，其[α]     

紫外分光光度法测定盐酸普鲁卡因注射液的药物含量

用紫外分光光度法对兽用盐酸普鲁卡因注射液的含量进行了测定，其含量只有标示含量的（６７．３±３．４５）％，用该法检测盐酸普鲁卡因含量灵敏度高，方法简单。     

Pharmacokinetics of nebulized and subcutaneously implanted terbinafine in cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus)

Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, the causative agent of snake fungal disease, is proposed as a serious threat to the conservation of several snake populations. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of terbinafine administered through nebulization and a sustained subcutaneous implant as potential treatments of Ophidiomyces in reptiles. Seven adult cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) were used in single‐dose trials. Each snake was nebulized with terbinafine (2 mg/ml) for 30 min and had blood collected before nebulization and up to 12 hr after nebulization. Following a 5‐month washout, the same snakes were administered a subcutaneous implant containing 24.5 mg terbinafine; blood was collected at baseline, 1 day postimplant placement, and then once weekly for 9 weeks. Plasma for both studies was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The mean plasma concentrations of nebulized terbinafine peaked between 0.5 and 4 hr. The subcutaneously implanted terbinafine reached therapeutic concentrations on day 1 and maintained therapeutic for over 6 weeks. These methods and doses are recommended as potential treatment options for snake fungal disease in reptiles.     

HPLC-ELSD法优化益母草中盐酸水苏碱提取工艺研究

试验旨在运用HPLC-ELSD法对益母草中盐酸水苏碱进行分离分析,建立益母草盐酸水苏碱含量测定的方法,为益母草提取工艺的优化提供理论依据。色谱条件:色谱柱为Venusil HILIC亲水型色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-0.2%冰醋酸溶液(体积比80:20);流速为1.0 mL/min;柱温为30 ℃;检测器:ELSD;漂移管温度 80 ℃,雾化室温度50 ℃,载气体积流量1.0000 mL/min。结果显示,盐酸水苏碱在0.49~4.91 μg时线性关系良好(R²=0.9993);在提取时间为1 h,提取次数为2次,料水比为20:1条件下,益母草有效成分提取率最高。结合生产实际,最终优化的提取方案:提取时间1.5 h,提取数2次,料水比为20:1。综上所述,对于益母草中盐酸水苏碱含量的测定,宜采用高效液相色谱的方法,同时应用蒸发光散射检测器。此方法具有特异性强、稳定性好、反应灵敏、操作简便、重现性好等特点,可为益母草提取工艺的优化提供相应的理论依据。     

Biology of Larks (Aves: Alaudidae) in the Central Namib Desert

1. The biology of six species of larks in the Namib Desert near Walvis Bay, South West Africa, was studied in 1964, 1965 and 1966.

2. All species reproduced following rainfall in summer and autumn months, with the appearance of green grass and abundant insects on which the birds fed.

3. The primarily insectivorous species, Certhilauda albofasciata, shows no seasonality in moulting and testicular development, and reproduces whenever local rainfall results in favourable feeding and nesting circumstances, while the primarily granivorous Spizoeorys starki and Eremopterix verticalis have markedly seasonal testicular and moulting cycles timed so that reproduction occurs only during the late summer and autumn months. Ammomanes grayi is intermediate in food habits and in timing of moulting and reproduction, and C. albescens and Mirafra naevia may also be intermediate in this respect.

4. S. starki and E. verticalis are the only larks that normally drink, but flocks of both species were observed that were independent of drinking water.

5. Larks avoid heat stress during daytime by keeping to the shade of stones, tufts of vegetation and mouths of rodent burrows; and nests are nearly always placed on the shady side of a stone' or tuft of grass.

6. It is suggested that larks may be successful desert occupants because they have not become highly specialized and therefore can tolerate rapidly and severely changing environ-mental conditions associated with drought and irregular rainfall.     

盐酸克伦特罗对小鼠大脑皮层ATP、SDH、ADA和LDH活性的影响

通过对大脑皮层ATP酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的测定,研究盐酸克伦特罗(CLH)对小鼠大脑损伤的影响.选健康小鼠160只,随机分为4组,分别灌胃12.5、25.0、50.0mg/kg的CLH,连续用药30d,对照组灌胃等量生理盐水,在灌胃处理5、10、20、30d时用比色法检测小鼠大脑皮层ATP酶、SDH、ADA和LDH活性的变化.结果表明:与对照组相比,灌胃CLH小鼠大脑皮层ATP酶和LDH活性降低,SDH和ADA活性升高.CLH对小鼠大脑酶活性的影响具有时间-剂量效应.双因素方差分析表明,剂量因素对结果的影响大于时间因素.说明CLH可影响小鼠大脑相关酶活性,对小鼠大脑的损害可能与大脑内ATP酶和LDH活性降低、SDH和ADA活性升高有一定的相关性.     

短序与阔叶十大功劳化学组分及小檗碱含量的FTIR比较研究

为快速评价短序与阔叶十大功劳不同部位化学成分差异,本研究运用FTIR采集短序和阔叶十大功劳不同部位的红外光谱并比较短序与阔叶十大功劳不同部位盐酸小檗碱含量差异。研究结果显示,生物碱、黄酮和丁香酯等化学成分,短序十大功劳根、茎及叶片中均较阔叶十大功劳丰富,但是,多糖和苷类含量在两种十大功劳根中相当,在茎和叶片中均以阔叶十大功劳含量高,尤其是叶片中这种差异更明显。最后,与盐酸小檗碱标准品比较发现,2种十大功劳中盐酸小檗碱含量均以茎中最高,叶片中含量最低;2种十大功劳比较各部位盐酸小檗碱含量均以短序十大功劳中高。故运用FTIR技术可以快速找出2种十大功劳化学成分的差异,本研究结果将为十大功劳属植物资源合理开发利用及良种选育提供参考。